Reactions to Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions (BDS) to the viewers of international actors on the BDS movement , which is, according to Elhanan Yakira, Ethan Felson, and Roberta Rosenthal Kwall, a campaign motivated by anti-Zionism and anti-Israel sentiment . [1] [2] [3] Executive vice chairman of the Conference of Presidents of Major American Jewish Organizations Malcolm Hoenlein called BDS a “politically correct form of anti-Semitism.” [3]
Australia
Support
In 2011, a series of protests were staged at Max Brenner Outlets, a franchise of the Israeli food manufacturer Strauss Group , which provides soldiers in the Israeli Defense Forces with care packages. [4] [5]
The NSW State Conference NSW State Election adopted a resolution in support of BDS. [6] In the support of the statement, Senator Lee Rhiannon Said it was “motivated by the universal principles of freedom, justice and equal rights” [6] and also “I see the value of That tactic as a way to Promoting Palestinian human rights . ” [7] Following the election, Federal leader Bob Brown said that he had conveyed his disapproval of this policy to Rhiannon. [8]
In December 2011, the NSW Greens reviewed their support for the BDS campaign against Israel, bringing the Greens Party position. However, they did vote to support BDS as a “legitimate political tactic”. Rhiannon said that this was not a defeat, but rather, “The resolution recognizes the legitimacy of the BDS as a political tactic.” [9] [10]
Oppose
In October 2011, Izzat Abdulhadi, Head of the General Delegation of Palestine, said that he is against the “full-scale” BDS campaign, and condemned the occasional violent protests at the Max Brenner stores in Australia, saying, “BDS is a non-violent process and I do not think it is the right of anybody to use BDS as a violent action or to prevent people from buying places. ” [11]
In New South Wales in 2011, Walt Secord of the Labor Party ‘s NSW Legislative Council , called Expired on the NSW Minister for Police , Michael Gallacher , to “provide insurance for the protection of businesses with Israeli links” after two BDS protesters Were arrêté outside at Max Brenner store. [12] Also in New South Wales, on April 19, 2011, Marrickville Municipal Council held a fiery meeting over whether to support the global BDS campaign. Israelis and Palestinians could not wait to get in touch with one another. [13]
In August 2012, Liberal MP David Southwick said in parliament that Labor MP Martin Foley had links to BDS group through union membership. Foley responded by saying “I seek to withdraw from this author with this racist, anti-Semitic and anti-Israel boycott movement.” [14]
Following the incident, Prime Minister Julia Gillard said that the “campaign does not serve the cause of peace and diplomacy for a two-state solution between Israel and Palestine”, and added that Australia has always had a firm opposition to the BDS movement. [15] Others, including Prime Minister Kevin Rudd , also reported on the protests in a follow-up article by the Australian Protests at the University of New South Wales . [16]
Representing the Coalition Prior to the 2013 Federal Election, Liberal Party deputy leader Julie Bishop reaffirmed Gillard’s stance by promising to cut off federal grants for individuals and institutions who support the BDS campaign. On 29 May 2013, Jewish Australian academics Andrew Benjamin, Michele Grossman, and David Goodman condemned the Coalition’s election promise as “an anti-democratic gesture par excellence.” [17]
Canada
Support
The most visible face of BDS in Canada is Israeli Apartheid Week , originally started in Toronto in 2005. The United Church of Canada voted for boycott products from Israeli settlements. [18] In March 2014, the University of Windsor Student Alliance is considering plans to implement the results of a survey of the United States of America. [19] [20]
In Quebec the political party Quebec Solidaire , the second largest public sector union Central Quebec unions and the feminist organization Federation of Quebec women have all supported the BDS campaign. Amir Khadir called fora petition to the National Assembly of Quebec calling for the suspension of Quebec’s cooperation agreement with Israel. [21]
In 2006, the Canadian Union of Public Employees voted to join the boycott of Israel “until that day recognizes the Palestinian right to self-determination” and “until Israel meets its obligation to recognize the Palestinian people” inalienable right to self-determination and fully complies with the precepts of international law “. [22] [23] [24]
Abigail Bakan and Yasmeen Abu-Laban, according to the Canadian academics , have had an important role in contesting what they describe as “the hegemonic framing of Israel as a victim of Palestinian” terrorism “. [25]
Oppose
In February 2011, the Quebec National Assembly voted against a motion that condemned boycotts of Quebec companies that sell products made in Israel and “reiterates Quebec’s support for the understanding on co-operation between the Government of Quebec and the Government of the State of Israel, which was signed in Jerusalem in 1997 and renewed in 2007 “. [26] [27]
Israel
Support
An Israeli activist group launched in 2009 to support BDS from within Israel . It concentrates on cultural boycott by appealing to international personalities, artists and academics who consider visiting Israel. [28]
The ‘Who profits?’ The Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories and the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. According to ‘Who Profits?’, Both Israeli and international corporations are involved in the construction of Israeli settlements and infrastructure in the Occupied Territories, in settlements, in building walls and checkpoints, in the supply of specific equipment used in the control and repression of civilian population under occupation “. [28] [ importance? ]
Oppose
A group of Israeli businessmen have started a sales website called “Shop-a-Fada” in order to promote Israeli products. Tal Brody is the honorary chairman of the initiative and said the purpose is to “fight back against those who think that they’ll be able to destroy Israel by waging economic warfare”.[29][importance?]
Some Jewish factory managers who employ Palestinian labor have condemned the boycott, claiming a boycott of Israeli products will result in the loss of Palestinian jobs.[30]
The Netherlands[edit]
The Lower House of the Dutch Parliament passed on 18 March 2014 undermining the concept of BDS. It came in response to the support of BDS by water company Vitens. Kees van der Staaij of the Reformed Political Party and Joel Voordewind of the ChristianUnion jointly submitted the motion. It calls on the government to encourage the relations between the Israeli and Israeli businesses and institutions “because” economic cooperation promotes peace, security, stability in the region. ” It passed by a large majority. [31] [32]
Romania
Claiming “respect for international law, the positions of the EU and the protection of Romanian citizens”, Romania announced in 2012 that it will not allow Romanian laborers to be the West Bank. Commenting on the refusal to grant this condition for Romanian workers, Israeli MK Michal Rozin stated that “Israelis are being harmed by the government’s activity in the territories.” [33] [34] [35]
South Africa
The University of Johannesburg has issued conflicting stances to BDS. In 2011, it was approved by Israel’s Ben-Gurion University for research in biotechnology and water purification. A campaign before the vote BGU’s cooperation with the military, occupation and apartheid. The vote did not preclude faculty members in the joint project. [36] However, two days after the vote, Vice Chancellor Ihron Rensburg, a senior of UJ, stated that “UJ is not part of an academic boycott of Israel. … It has never been UJ’s intention to sever all ties with BGU , it may have been the intention of some UJ staff members. ” [37]
On August 31, 2012, the Wits University Students’ Representative Council (Wits SRC) adopted a declaration of academic and cultural boycott of Israel . [38] Several days later, the Executive Committee of Wits Convocation, representing the alumni and academic staff of the university, distanced itself from the declaration. The South African Union of Jewish Students, Sharply criticized the resolution, calling it “a vicious and one-sided resolution aimed at shutting down the Israeli-Palestinian conflict”. [39]
In March 2013, eleven student BDS supporters at the University of Yossi Reshef . They were sentenced by the university to community service. At a follow up concert held on August 28, 2013, which featured Israeli jazz saxophonist Daniel Zamir , dozens of BDS protesters gathered outside. The University of New York, the protesters were unable to disrupt the performance, as they were kept from entering the world. [40]However, there is a lot of talk about “Dubula iJuda” (Shoot the Jew), and there are songs of “There is no such thing as Israel” and “Israel apartheid”. Some waited were also pelted with sheets of paper. The actions of the protesters were condemned by University Vice Chancellor Adam Habib and the South African Jewish Board of Deputies. Muhammed Desai, coordinator of South Africa BDS later on the action. [41] [42] [43] Several days later, HOWEVER, BDS released an official statement condemning the chants of “Dubula ijuda”. Desai was later called to resign by BDS supporters. [44]
On March 8, 2015, a South African Zionist Federation event, BDS supporters staged a protest at which protesters was threatened to kill Jews. They chanted antisemitic slogans such as “You think this is Israel, we are going to kill you!” and “You Jews do not belong here in South Africa!” [45] The picketers who were joined by the South African Communist Party also included the head of the African National Congress (ANC) ‘s International Relations, Government Deputy Minister Obed Bapela who accused Israel of oppressing Palestinians. [46] In another March 2015 event in South Africa, a mob of BDS supporters threw rocks, broke equipment, and looted a store that sells products from Israel.[47]
Spain
Municipalities
BDS has received a mixed reaction in Spain. In 2016, Spanish municipalities passed pro-BDS policies, only to later drop the policies that became inconsistent with Spain’s anti-discrimination laws. Also in 2016, pro-BDS motions in other Spanish have been defeated. [48]
The Rototom Sunsplash and Matisyahu affair
The organizers of the week long Rototom Sunsplash music festival held in Spain from August 15 to 22nd 2015, canceled the scheduled appearance of Jewish American rapper Matisyahu after he refused to sign a supporting statement to Palestinian state. Matisyahu stated that it was “appalling and offensive” that he was singled out as “an officially Jewish-American artist.” [49]
El País Spain’s highest-circulation paper “The decision by the organizers of the Rototom Sunsplash music festival in Benicássim to ban reggae singer Matisyahu from performing this Saturday is a serious case of religious and political discrimination … He is the only musician “Rototom, which is funded with public money, who has been asked to make such a statement, and to make matters worse, he has been asked to do so only on the grounds that he is Jewish”. [50]
After further Top criticism from the Spanish government as well as Jewish organizations, [51] the Organizers Apologized to Matisyahu re-inviting _him_ to perform on Saturday August 22. The organizers Stated That “it made a mistake, due to the boycott and the campaign of pressure, coercion and threats employed by the BDS País Valencià. ” [52]
United Kingdom
On 22 April 2005, the Association of University Teachers (AUT) Council voted to boycott two Israeli universities: University of Haifa and Bar-Ilan University (the vote was held on Passover eve process). [53] The motions to AUT Council were prompted by the call for a boycott from Palestinian academics and others. [54] The AUT Council voted to boycott Bar-Ilan because it runs races at West Bank (in Ariel)College) and “is thus directly involved with the occupation of Palestinian territories and United Nations resolutions.” It boycotted Haifa because it was alleged that the university had wrongly disciplined a lecturer. The action against the lecturer is supposedly for supporting a writer who wrote about attacks on Palestinians during the founding of the state of Israel ( withdrew the claims when sued for libel and the University denied having disciplined the lecturer [55] ). The boycott, which was not compulsory, was set to last until Haifa “ceases its victimization of academic staff and students who seek to research and discuss the history of the founding of the state of Israel” [56] [57] [58] [ 56] 59] and byUniversities UK .
After the intern and external backlash and condemnation, members of the AUT, head of the Open University lecturer Jon Pike . The meeting was held on May 26, 2005, at Friends Meeting House in London. At the meeting The choice of the boycott of the Israeli universities. Reasons cited for the decision to the freedom of the freedom , the hampering of dialogue and the peace between Israelis and Palestinian , and that boycotting Israel alone could not be justified. [60]
At the 2006 annual conference of the United Kingdom lecturers’ union, the National Association of Teachers in Higher Education and Higher Education (NATFHE), members were asked to support a motion calling for a boycott of Israeli academics and universities that did not distance themselves apartheid policies “. [61] Although the motion was passed with the Association of University Teachers. [61]
Prior to the NATFHE debate the Federation of Unions of Palestinian University Professors and Employees and the Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel in a letter to the Times Higher Education Supplement to the only non-violent forms of action available to people of conscience the world over “adding,” We salute those who recognize that, for justice for Palestinians can not be expected from the international centers of world power, they must organize to further the cause of justice and genuine peace. ” [62] In contrast, Nobel laureate Steven Weinberg argued:
“it is never a good idea for academics to boycott colleagues in other countries on political grounds. During the Cold War, American and Soviet scientists were careful to keep intellectual communication open; this not only served the cause of science, but promoted personal relationships that led to initiatives in arms control. In a similar spirit, when I ran the Jerusalem Winter School of Theoretical Physics we did what we could to recruit Arab students from Muslim countries whose governments discriminated against Jews. We never dreamt of boycotting them.”[62]
In March 2009, large scale student demonstrations were held at several UK Universities to protest Israel’s actions in Gaza. At Cardiff University the protests led to the University divesting all investments in BAE Systems, an arms manufacturer that co-operates with Israel.[28] In May 2009, advertisements for tourism in Israel were removed from the London underground network in response to pressure from the Palestinian Solidarity Campaign.[28] In July 2009, Dexia, a Belgian-French financial group, stopped all financial services to Israeli settlements in the West Bank.[28] In 2009, the UK’s University and College Union passed a resolution to boycott Israeli academics and academic institutions by a large majority. Delegates stated that Israeli academics were complicit in their government’s acts against Palestinians. However, the vote was immediately declared invalid as UCU attorneys repeated previous warnings that such a boycott would likely trigger legal action against the union.[63][64]
In 2013, “a motion calling for blanket sanctions against Israel was rejected by the Oxford University Students’ Union.”[65] The motion was defeated by a large margin: 69–10.
In July 2014, UK department store John Lewis removed all SodaStream products from all its shelves, amid growing pressure from the public and declining sales. John Lewis’ Oxford Street, London, store has been the site of biweekly BDS protests for its sale of SodaStream products. SodaStream operates its primary manufacturing facility in an Israeli settlement in the occupied West Bank. Additionally, after two years of weekly BDS protests, SodaStream closed its Brighton store in July 2014.[66]
In November 2015, Boris Johnson, Mayor of London and Conservative MP, described proponents of a “so-called” boycott of goods and services, as well as other punitive measures such as sanctions or divestment of shares in Israeli companies, as “corduroy jacketed-academics… by and large lefty academics who have no real standing in the matter and are unlikely to be influential on Britain”. He subsequently cancelled planned public events in the West Bank because of security fears, with suggestions that the charity that had invited him to the West Bank had withdrawn their invitation, and that Palestinian politicians had also refused to meet him.[67]
United States
Noam Chomsky is against the formal BDS movement, but supports certain aspects of boycotting Israel. The prominent activist for Palestinian human rights and 2011 Sydney Peace Prize recipient stated he supports the “boycott and divestment of firms that are carrying out operations in the occupied territories”[68][69] but the current BDS movement’s “hypocrisy rises to heaven”. He stated that the BDS campaign harms the “whole movement. It harms the Palestinians and it is a gift to the Israeli hardliners and their American supporters”, because the BDS’s “hypocrisy is so transparent… why not boycott the United States?.. Israeli crimes [are] a fragment of US crimes, which are much worse”. He also argued that the Palestinian people don’t support boycotting Israel and that the BDS movement is run by “one man NGOs” who falsely claim to represent the Palestinian people.[70] In the same interview, he also criticized BDS founder Omar Barghouti for advocating a full boycott of Israel, despite having studied at Tel Aviv University. Despite his disdain for the formal BDS movement, he was among the academics who lobbied Stephen Hawking to boycott an Israeli conference.[71] In a subsequent letter to Artists for Palestine, Chomsky clarified his position, writing “I’ve been involved in activities to hold Israel accountable for its international law violations since before the BDS movement took shape. While I have some tactical differences with the BDS movement, I strongly support the actions and continue to participate in them”.[72]
Norman Finkelstein, a harsh critic of Israel’s occupation of Palestinian territory, has also expressed an ambivalent attitude towards BDS. He has supported economic boycott of Israel[73] and said that BDS has the “right tactics”, but that it needs to be “explicit on its goal” and that “the goal has to include recognition of Israel, or it won’t reach the public”. He is hostile towards the BDS movement in its current form, labeling it a “hypocritical, dishonest cult” led by “dishonest gurus” who want to “selectively enforce the law” and try to cleverly pose as human rights activists, whereas their real goal is the destruction of Israel.[74][75] In addition, he said, “I’m getting a little bit exasperated with what I think is a whole lot of nonsense. I’m not going to tolerate silliness, childishness and a lot of leftist posturing. I loathe the disingenuousness. We will never hear the solidarity movement [back a] two-state solution.” Furthermore, Finkelstein stated that the BDS movement has had very few successes, and that like a cult, the leaders pretend that they are hugely successful when in reality the general public rejects their extreme views.[76]
In April 2014, the Washington State Court of Appeals upheld a 2012 ruling, affirming the dismissal of a lawsuit against the Olympia Food Co-op for their 2011 decision to boycott Israeli products, mandating the plaintiffs pay $160,000 in statutory damages as well as other legal fees. In a press release, the Center for Constitutional Rights quoted one of the defendants and a Co-op staff member: “We are thrilled to hear that … our right to freedom of speech has been upheld [..] Boycotts are a longstanding form of non-violent political expression; using the Court system to attempt to silence our right of expression clearly qualifies as a Strategic Lawsuit Against Public Participation.”[77][78]
On 4 December, a chapter of US Student-Workers Union at University of California have voted to support BDS campaign and became the first US labor union to join.[79][80]
In the sixth of December 2015 Hillary Clinton The democrat contestant and former secretary of the United States, said in the saban forum “As Secretary of State I called out systemic structural anti-Israel basis at the UN and fought to block the one sided Goldstone report particularly at a time when antisemitism is on the rise across the world especially in Europe. We need to repudiate efforts to malign and undermine Israel and the Jewish people. The boycott, divestment and sanctions movement known as BDS is the latest front in this battle. Demonizing Israeli scientists and intellectuals, even young students, comparing Israel to South African apartheid, now no nation is above criticism. But this is wrong and it should stop immediately. Some proponents of BDS may hope that pressuring Israel may lead to peace. Well that’s wrong too.”[81][82][83]
In January 2016 the General Board of Pension and Health Benefits, the United Methodist Church’s investment agency, announced that it would no longer invest in Israel’s five main banks since they did not meet their standards for sustainable investment.[84] In February 2016, the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church(USA) was lobbied by its Advisory Committee on Social Witness Policy (ACSWP) to lay aside a quest for a two state solution and support BDS.[85][86] This was described as a “one-sided, zero-sum solution”, by Presbyterians for Middle East Peace.[87]
Official government responses and legislation[edit]
In February 2015, the US-Israel Trade and Commercial Enhancement Act was introduced to Congress by Peter Roskam and Juan Vargas . According to its authors, the bill will “leverage ongoing trade negotiations to discourage prospective US trade partners from engaging in economic discrimination against Israel” through the monitoring of pro-BDS activities. “enforcing rulings made by foreign courts against American companies only for conducting business in Israel.” However, the bill does not impose penalties for supporting BDS. Roskam justified the bill, which may affect current negotiations for the Transatlantic Free Trade AreaThere is no reason to believe that this is the case in the European Union and beyond have emerged as a form of economic warfare aimed at Israel’s economy and demonize its very existence. ” [88] [89] [90] Another bill introduced in March 2015, the “Boycott Our Enemies, Not Israel Act,” would require that the US government does business to certify that they do not participate in boycotts against Israel. [91]
Illinois became the first state in the US to pass that bill that requires state pension funds to companies that support BDS. [92] According to Eugene Kontorovich, professor at the Northwestern University School of Law and the head of the International Law Department at the Kohelet Policy Forum , this law and a similar one in South Carolina do not violate the First Amendment . [93]
On April 9, 2015, the Tennessee General Assembly passed a resolution formally condemning BDS. The resolution passed the upper house by a vote of 30-0 and the lower house by a vote of 93-1. The resolution, the first of its kind to be passed by a state government, said that BDS is “one of the main vehicles for spreading anti-semitism and advocating the elimination of the Jewish state” and “undermine [s] the Jewish people’s right to self-determination, which they are fulfilling in the State of Israel. ” The bill was introduced by State Senator Dolores Gresham and co-sponsored by State Representative Sheila Butt. In an interview, Gresham stated that the resolution is proof that the state legislature “chooses to preserve its values by publicly condemning this blatantly anti-Semitic, anti-Israel bigotry, and send a clear message that Tennessee condemns such views.” [94] [95] In December 2015, Florida became the fifth state to adopt the Tennessee resolution against BDS. [96] [97]
In April 2015, the General Assembly passed a resolution that “condemns” the BDS movement for “seeking to undermine the Jewish people’s right to self-determination”, “activities that contribute directly or indirectly to the denial, violation, or delegitimization of any people’s academic freedom “,” agenda inherently antithetical and deeply damaging to the cause of peace, justice, equality, democracy, and human rights “and” promoting a climate of hatred, intimidation, intolerance and violence against Jews “. [98] [99] [100] [101] In January 2016, the Indiana House of Representatives” [a] ssuch as” “the promotion of activities to boycott, divest from, or sanction Israel” as meeting of the standard of “extraordinary circumstances”
In January 2016, the New York State Senate passed a bill that would prohibit New York from doing business with European companies that supported BDS. The threat of legislation already HAS Prompted Erste Group to close year BDS Austrian group’s account. Other banks will likely follow suit if the bill passes in the state Assembly. [103]
Academic response
“In 2007, some 300 university presidents denounced BDS as inimical to academic spirit” [104] and as of 2012, “[n] o American university has dived from Israel and prominent campus presidents said they would oppose such efforts.” [105] University of Pennsylvania President Amy Gutmann said in January 2012 that the university “has clearly stated on numerous occasions that it does not support sanctions or boycotts against Israel”. She said that the school was not a sponsor of a BDS conference taking place on campus in February 2012. [106]
In January 2012, The Front published an article about Jewish presidents of universities, saying that “many college presidents” see BDS as a “red line” and “presidents who were previously disinclined to speak out against anti-Israel activity on campus in the name of preserving open dialogue found your opinion on publicly opposing the movement. ” [107]
As of 2015 , University of California (UC) system schools ( Berkeley , Irvine , Riverside , San Diego , Santa Cruz , and UCLA ) have passed resolutions calling for their schools to divest themselves of their investments in Israel . The UC Student Association passed resolutions calling for the UC Board of Regents not only to boycott Israel, but also to boycott the United States and several other countries. [108] The Board of Regents stated that it will be decided by any students’ resolutions for divestment. [108] [109] In response to this,Herbert London , president of the London Center for Policy Research, wrote University of California President Janet Napolitano , urging her to promote Israel and getting involved in the debate at UC system schools on divesting themselves of investments in Israel. [110]
Omri Boehm argued in the Los Angeles Review of Books that “a boycott on Israeli academics is an obvious form of a violent political action”. [111]
During the mid-2010s, BDS efforts were largely obstructed. International academic conferences continued in Israel and Israeli academics were invited to international academic conferences abroad with BDS having no noticeable effect. [112] Furthermore, according to American Studies Professor Thomas Doherty of Brandeis University , the highly public reputation-destroying results of BDS adoption in the American Studies Association . [113] This, according to William A. Jacobson of Cornell LawBDS have “produced fact sheets and other factual information to counter the false narratives and ahistorical arguments of BDS.” [114]